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''Papillifera papillaris'', also known as ''Papillifera bidens'', is a species of small, air-breathing land snail with a clausilium, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. This is a Mediterranean species. In Britain this species is now sometimes called the "Cliveden snail" because in 2004 it was discovered in the gardens of a well-known Buckinghamshire stately home which had previously been associated with the Profumo Affair. Based on some recent research, it appears that there is a somewhat complicated nomenclatural problem with the name of this species. Apparently the name ''Turbo bidens'' was not originally applied by Linnaeus to material of ''this'' species. See further discussion under "Nomenclature". == Nomenclature == The ICZN opinion, number 2176, preserved the name ''Turbo bidens'' Linnaeus, 1758, and indicated implicitly that the name ''Helix papillaris'' Müller, 1774 was a junior synonym of the same species. However, at this time the meaning of the name ''Turbo bidens'' was not fixed with a valid type specimen designation. In 2009 Kadolsky 〔Kadolsky D. (2009). "''Turbo bidens'' Linnaeus 1758 (Gastropoda: Clausiliidae) misidentified for 250 years". ''Journal of Conchology'' 40(1): 19-30. (abstract ).〕〔 reviewed the nomenclatural history of the name ''Turbo bidens'' and concluded that a neotype designation proposed by Falkner et al. (2002) was invalid because it was not based on an existing specimen but on a figure of ''Papillifera papillaris'' published by Gualtieri (1742), which did not agree with Linnaeus' description of ''Turbo bidens'', and which Linnaeus did not quote. Kadolsky (2009) argued that Linnaeus' brief description was consistent with the figure of Gualtieri's work (1742) which Linnaeus (1758) did quote, and so Kadolsky fixed the meaning of the nominal species ''Turbo bidens'' Linnaeus, 1758 with the designation of a neotype. The neotype is a specimen from Florence (where Gualtieri lived and where he might conceivably have collected) of the clausiliid species hitherto known as ''Cochlodina incisa'' (Küster, 1876). However, the German malacologist Hartmut Nordsieck did not accept Kadolsky's interpretation.〔Nordsieck, H. "''Papillifera bidens'' (Linné 1758) (Clausiliidae, Alopiinae), eine häufige, aber wenig bekannte Art". (Link ), accessed 26/05/11.〕 The main reason for this opinion, and indeed for the disagreement about the identity of Linnaeus' ''Turbo bidens'' since the inception of this name, is Linnaeus' description of the shell suture as "subcrenellate", which apparently does not apply to ''Cochlodina incisa''. This is correct, except for minute crenellations which hardly deserve this name, but Nordsieck, and many authors before him, ignored the fact that Gualtieri's figure does actually show these crenellations. They are no doubt exaggerated, but Linnaeus accepted the figure as correct, and described his species accordingly. Kadolsky's neotype designation for ''Turbo bidens'' fixes the meaning of this name conclusively, and in consequence the valid name for the ''Papillifera'' species which has often been called ''Papillifera bidens'', is ''Papillifera papillaris'' (Müller, 1774). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Papillifera papillaris」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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